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Bioavailability of xenobiotics in the soil environment

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Katayama, A., Bhula, R., Burns, G.R., Carazo, E., Felsot, A., Hamilton, D., Harris, C., Kim, Y.H., Kleter, G., Koedel, W., Linders, J., Peijnenburg, J.G.M.W., Sabljic, A., Stephenson, R.G.A., Racke, D.K., Rubin, B., Tanaka, K., Unsworth, J. and Wauchope, R. D. (2010) Bioavailability of xenobiotics in the soil environment. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 203 . pp. 1-86. ISSN 01795953 (ISSN); 9781441913517 (ISBN)

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Article Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1352-4_1

Abstract

When synthetic, xenobiotic compounds such as agrochemicals and industrial chemicals are utilized, they eventually reach the soil environment where they are subject to degradation, leaching, volatilization, sorption, and uptake by organisms. The simplest assumption is that such chemicals in soil are totally available to microorganisms, plant roots, and soil fauna via direct, contact exposure; subsequently these organisms are consumed as part of food web processes and bioaccumulation may occur, increasing exposures to higher organisms up the food chain. However, studies in the last two decades have revealed that chemical residues in the environment are not completely bioavailable, so that their uptake by biota is less than the total amount present in soil (Alexander 1995; Gevao et al. 2003; Paine et al. 1996). Therefore, the toxicity, biodegradability, and efficacy of xenobiotics are dependent on their soil bioavailability, rendering this concept profoundly important to chemical risk assessment and pesticide registration. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Item Type:Article
Keywords:xenobiotic agent animal article bioavailability chemistry metabolism plant soil pollutant Animals Biological Availability Plants Soil Pollutants Xenobiotics
Subjects:Science > Biology > Biochemistry
Agriculture > Agriculture (General) > Agricultural chemistry. Agricultural chemicals
Agriculture > Agriculture (General) > Agriculture and the environment
Agriculture > Agriculture (General) > Soils. Soil science
Live Archive:16 Feb 2023 06:55
Last Modified:16 Feb 2023 06:55

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