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Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems

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Walsh, M. J., Rayner, A. E., Ruttledge, A. and Broster, J. C. (2021) Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems. Weed Technology, 35 (3). pp. 515-521. ISSN 0890-037X

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Article Link: https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.142

Publisher URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/influence-of-chaff-and-chaff-lines-on-weed-seed-survival-and-seedling-emergence-in-australian-cropping-systems/9315E42755A4E4C209924D3769CE0394

Abstract

Chaff lining and chaff tramlining are harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems that involve the concentration of weed seed containing chaff material into narrow (20 to 30 cm) rows between or on the harvester wheel tracks during harvest. These lines of chaff are left intact in the fields through subsequent cropping seasons in the assumption that the chaff environment is unfavourable for weed seed survival. The chaff row environment effect on weed seed survival was examined in field studies, while chaff response studies determined the influence of increasing amounts of chaff on weed seedling emergence. The objectives of these studies were to determine 1) the influence of chaff lines on the summer-autumn seed survival of selected weed species; and 2) the influence of chaff type and amount on rigid ryegrass seedling emergence. There was frequently no difference (P>0.05) in survival of seed of four weed species (rigid ryegrass, wild oat, annual sowthistle and turnip weed) when these seed were placed beneath or beside chaff lines. There was one instance where wild oat seed survival was increased (P<0.05) when seed were placed beneath compared to beside a chaff line. The pot studies determined that increasing amounts of chaff consistently resulted in decreasing numbers of rigid ryegrass seedlings emerging through chaff material. The suppression of emergence broadly followed a linear relationship where there was approximately a 2.0% reduction in emergence with every 1.0 t ha-1 increase in chaff material. This relationship was consistent across wheat, barley, canola and lupin chaff types, indicating that the physical presence of the chaff was more important than chaff type. These studies indicated that chaff lines may not affect the over summer-autumn survival of the contained weed seeds but the subsequent emergence of weed seedlings will be restricted by high amounts of chaff (>40 t ha-1).

Item Type:Article
Business groups:Crop and Food Science
Keywords:annual sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus L. rigid ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaud. turnip weed, Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. wild oat Avena fatua L. barley, Hordeum vulgare L. canola, Brassica napus L. lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L. wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Chaff lining chaff tramlining harvest weed seed control
Subjects:Agriculture > Agriculture (General) > Methods and systems of culture. Cropping systems
Plant culture > Harvesting, curing, storage
Plant culture > Field crops
Plant culture > Field crops > Forage crops. Feed crops
Plant pests and diseases > Weeds, parasitic plants etc
Live Archive:11 Jan 2021 03:55
Last Modified:03 Sep 2021 16:46

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