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Unique genetic variants in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld) gene confer strong resistance to phosphine in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens)

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Jagadeesan, R., Schlipalius, D. I., Singarayan, V. T., Nath, N. S., Nayak, M. K. and Ebert, P. R. (2021) Unique genetic variants in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld) gene confer strong resistance to phosphine in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 171 . p. 104717. ISSN 0048-3575

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Article Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104717

Publisher URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357520302121

Abstract

The rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, a major pest of stored commodities, has developed very high levels (>1000×) of resistance to the fumigant phosphine. Resistance in this species is remarkably stronger than reported in any other stored product pests demanding the need to understand the molecular basis of this trait. Previous genetic studies in other grain insect pests identified specific variants in two major genes, rph1 and rph2 in conferring the strong resistance trait. However, in C. ferrugineus, although the gene, rph1 was identified as cytochrome-b5-fatty acid desaturase, the rph2 gene has not been reported so far. We tested the candidate gene for rph2, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld) using the recently published transcriptome of C. ferrugineus and identified three variants, L73N and A355G + D360H, a haplotype, conferring resistance in this species. Our sequence analysis in resistant strain and phosphine selected resistant survivors indicates that these variants occur either alone as a homozygote or a mixture of heterozygotes (i.e complex heterozygotes) both conferring strong resistance. We also found that one of the three variants, possibly L73N expressing “dominant” trait at low frequency in resistant insects. Comparison of dld sequences between Australian and Chinese resistant strain of this species confirmed that the identified variants are highly conserved. Our fitness analysis indicated that resistant insects may not incur significant biological costs in the absence of phosphine selection for 19 generations. Thus, we propose that the observed high levels of resistance in C. ferrugineus could be primarily due to the characteristics of three unique variants, L73N and A355G + D360H within dld.

Item Type:Article
Business groups:Crop and Food Science
Additional Information:#
Keywords:Transcriptome Fumigants Resistance genes Stored grain Resistance management
Subjects:Science > Entomology
Science > Botany > Genetics
Plant culture > Field crops > Grain. Cereals
Plant pests and diseases
Live Archive:06 Oct 2020 02:06
Last Modified:03 Sep 2021 16:46

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