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Effect of temperature on inflorescence and floral development in four mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars

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Sukhvibul, N., Whiley, A.W., Smith, M.K., Hetherington, S. E. and Vithanage, V. (1999) Effect of temperature on inflorescence and floral development in four mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 82 (1-2). pp. 67-84. ISSN 0304-4238

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Article Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00041-2

Abstract

To study the effect of low temperature on inflorescence and floral development of mango (Mangifera indica L.), `Nam Dok Mai', `Kensington', `Irwin' and `Sensation' trees were exposed to natural winter temperatures to induce flowering, and then transferred to controlled-environment glasshouse rooms where day/night temperature regimes of 15/5°, 20/10°, 25/15° and 30/20°C were maintained for 20 weeks. Day/night temperatures of 15/5°C severely inhibited the emergence and elongation of inflorescences of all cultivars with inflorescence development only occurring on trees that were maintained at the warmer temperatures (20/10°, 25/15° and 30/20°C). The time taken for inflorescences to reach maximum length was 15–20 days on trees held at 25/15° or 30/20°C but extended to 54 days on trees kept at 20/10°C. Warmer temperatures generally increased the inflorescence size of all cultivars. At 20/10°C, pollen viability of `Sensation' was significantly lower than the other cultivars, but there was no significant difference between cultivars held at 25/15° and 30/20°C. Low temperatures caused morphological changes in styles, stigmas, ovaries and anther size in all cultivars, and changes were especially pronounced in `Kensington'. Style length and stigma width of all cultivars were reduced when trees were held at 20/10°C compared to trees held at either 25/15° or 30/20°C. Trees of `Kensington' grown at 20/10°C mainly produced flowers that had short styles (0.62 mm) and small stigmas (0.09 mm) while `Nam Dok Mai' and `Irwin' trees produced some flowers with deformed or fused ovaries. Scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that normal `Kensington' flowers had non-symmetrical stigmas that were covered with undeveloped papillae cells. The short-styled `Kensington' flowers (produced at 20/10°C) had a much smaller receptive stigmatic area compared to normal flowers produced at 30/20°C. Low temperature-induced (20/10°C) changes in ovary size in `Nam Dok Mai' and style length in `Kensington' flowers may contribute to low fruit set in these two cultivars when grown in subtropical climates.

Item Type:Article
Keywords:Mango; Low temperature; Inflorescence development; Floral development; Pollen viability
Subjects:Plant culture > Fruit and fruit culture > Culture of individual fruits or types of fruit
Live Archive:14 Mar 2024 00:04
Last Modified:14 Mar 2024 00:04

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