Forages and Pastures: Perennial Forage and Pasture Crops - Species and Varieties

Abstract

This article deals with the major forage species utilized by the dairy industry worldwide. A thumbnail sketch provides information on the strengths and weaknesses of both temperate (C3) and tropical grasses (C4) and legumes and herbaceous species. The article then compares the relative differences in quality between grasses and legumes, between tropical and temperate species, and between cultivars of the same species. Information on the nutrient and mineral requirements by dairy cows and examples of the levels found in various forage species is supplied. Finally, there is a section on the breeding aims to improve the quality of pasture species and cultivars, with examples of how this has been achieved in the past.