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In vitro induction of banana autotetraploids by colchicine treatment of micropropagated diploids

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Hamill, S. D., Smith, M. K. and Dodd, W.A. (1992) In vitro induction of banana autotetraploids by colchicine treatment of micropropagated diploids. Australian Journal of Botany, 40 (6). pp. 887-896. ISSN 0067-1924

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Article Link: https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9920887

Abstract

Alternative breeding strategies, based on colchicine-induced autotetraploids, have been proposed as a means of introducing disease resistance into banana breeding programs. This paper describes techniques for the in vitro induction of banana autotetraploids by the use of colchicine on cultured explants. The technique can be readily applied and large numbers of autotetraploids produced. The optimum treatment involved immersing shoot tips in a 0-5% w/v colchicine solution for 2 h under aseptic conditions. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was applied with the colchicine treatments to increase cell permeability and so absorption of colchicine, resulting in the optimum treatment unchanged at 0-5% colchicine, but including the addition of 2% v/v DMSO. Of the shoot tips treated over 30% were induced to the autotetraploid level.

Methods for in vitro selection of induced tetraploids from treated diploid plantlets were also developed. Tetraploid plants were more robust with thicker pseudostems, roots and broader leaves than diploids and they could be selected on these morphological characteristics. Mean stomatal lengths of diploid banana plants growing in vitro were significantly smaller (16-0 mum) than the tetraploids (26.9 mum) and were used as a more reliable indicator of ploidy than morphological criteria alone. A root tip squash technique using carbol fuchsin was developed for positive confirmation of ploidy change by chromosome counts- Although chimerism and reversion to the diploid form occurred, it was not considered a problem because of the large number of autotetraploids induced. Stable autotetraploids were recovered and established in the field and were characterised by their large, drooping leaves and thick pseudostems. They have retained these characteristics for more than 3 years in the field.

Item Type:Article
Subjects:Science > Botany > Genetics
Plant pests and diseases > Individual or types of plants or trees > Bananas
Live Archive:14 Feb 2024 03:18
Last Modified:14 Feb 2024 03:18

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